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Bank of Canada Interest Rate History 2026 | Historical Rates Chart

Updated

Current Rate

MetricValue
Current target overnight rate2.25% (effective October 29, 2025)
Bank Rate2.5% (effective October 29, 2025)
Cycle peak (since 2009)5% (reached July 12, 2023)
Next scheduled announcementOctober 28, 2026

Source: Bank of Canada Valet API, series V39079 (target rate) and BR.CDN (Bank Rate), fetched 2026-09-03, as of September 2, 2026.

For the full 2026 announcement calendar, see the Bank of Canada rate announcement schedule.

Full Rate Change History (2009–Present)

DateDecisionPolicy RateChange
April 21, 2009Data begins0.25%—
June 1, 2010Hike0.5%+0.25%
July 20, 2010Hike0.75%+0.25%
September 8, 2010Hike1%+0.25%
January 21, 2015Cut0.75%-0.25%
July 15, 2015Cut0.5%-0.25%
July 12, 2017Hike0.75%+0.25%
September 6, 2017Hike1%+0.25%
January 17, 2018Hike1.25%+0.25%
July 11, 2018Hike1.5%+0.25%
October 24, 2018Hike1.75%+0.25%
March 4, 2020Cut1.25%-0.5%
March 16, 2020Cut0.75%-0.5%
March 27, 2020Cut0.25%-0.5%
March 2, 2022Hike0.5%+0.25%
April 13, 2022Hike1%+0.5%
June 1, 2022Hike1.5%+0.5%
July 13, 2022Hike2.5%+1%
September 7, 2022Hike3.25%+0.75%
October 26, 2022Hike3.75%+0.5%
December 7, 2022Hike4.25%+0.5%
January 25, 2023Hike4.5%+0.25%
June 7, 2023Hike4.75%+0.25%
July 12, 2023Hike5%+0.25%
June 5, 2024Cut4.75%-0.25%
July 24, 2024Cut4.5%-0.25%
September 4, 2024Cut4.25%-0.25%
October 23, 2024Cut3.75%-0.5%
December 11, 2024Cut3.25%-0.5%
January 29, 2025Cut3%-0.25%
March 12, 2025Cut2.75%-0.25%
September 17, 2025Cut2.5%-0.25%
October 29, 2025Cut2.25%-0.25%

Source: Bank of Canada Valet API, series V39079 (“Target for the overnight rate”), fetched 2026-09-03. Valet API serves V39079 only from 2009-04-21 onward; earlier history is not pipeline-sourced.

Historical Rate Timeline (2015-2026)

YearStart RateEnd RateDirectionKey Events
20151.00%0.50%2 cutsOil price crash
20160.50%0.50%No changeSteady recovery
20170.50%1.00%2 hikesGrowth returned
20181.00%1.75%3 hikesStrong economy
20191.75%1.75%No changeTrade uncertainty
20201.75%0.25%3 emergency cutsCOVID-19 pandemic
20210.25%0.25%No changeRecovery, inflation rising
20220.25%4.25%7 hikesAggressive inflation fight
20234.25%5.00%3 hikesRate peaked at 5.00%
20245.00%3.25%5 cutsInflation cooling
20253.25%2.25%4 cutsEasing continued through October
2026 (to Sep)2.25%2.25%No change to dateHeld at every 2026 meeting amid energy-price and trade uncertainty

Historical Rate Milestones

PeriodRate RangeContext
1980-198117-21%Highest rates ever — inflation crisis
1990-199111-14%Recession
1996-20003-5.5%Goldilocks period
2001-20022-4.5%Dot-com bust, 9/11
2009-20100.25-1.00%Global financial crisis
2015-20170.50-1.00%Oil crash, slow recovery
2020-20220.25%COVID-19 emergency low
2022-20230.25-5.00%Fastest tightening in history
2024-20265.00-2.25%Easing cycle, on hold since October 2025

How Rate Changes Affect You

Borrowers (Rates Go Up = You Pay More)

ProductRate Tied ToImpact of 0.25% Hike
Variable rate mortgage ($500K)Prime rate+$72/month
HELOC ($100K balance)Prime rate+$21/month
Variable personal loan ($20K)Prime rate+$4/month
Fixed mortgage (new)Bond yieldsIndirect, usually follows
Credit cardUsually fixedMinimal change

Savers (Rates Go Up = You Earn More)

ProductRate Tied ToImpact of 0.25% Hike
HISA ($50K balance)Bank policy+$125/year potential
1-year GIC ($50K)BoC rate + spread+$100-$125/year potential
TFSA savings ($50K)Bank policy+$125/year potential
Money market fundsShort-term rates+0.20-0.25% yield increase

Key Relationships

Rate ChangePrime RateVariable MortgageHISA RateGIC Rate
BoC cuts 0.25%Drops 0.25%Decreases ~0.25%Decreases ~0.10-0.25%Decreases ~0.15-0.25%
BoC hikes 0.25%Rises 0.25%Increases ~0.25%Increases ~0.10-0.25%Increases ~0.15-0.25%

Prime Rate History

Effective DatePrime RateChange
October 29, 20254.45%-0.25%
September 17, 20254.70%-0.25%
March 12, 20254.95%-0.25%
January 29, 20255.20%-0.25%
December 11, 20245.45%-0.5%
October 23, 20245.95%-0.5%
September 4, 20246.45%-0.25%
July 24, 20246.70%-0.25%
June 5, 20246.95%-0.25%
July 12, 20237.20%+0.25%
June 7, 20236.95%+0.25%
January 25, 20236.70%+0.25%
December 7, 20226.45%+0.5%
October 26, 20225.95%+0.5%
September 7, 20225.45%+0.75%
July 13, 20224.70%+1%
June 1, 20223.70%+0.5%
April 13, 20223.20%+0.5%
March 2, 20222.70%+0.25%
March 27, 20202.45%-0.5%
March 16, 20202.95%-0.5%
March 4, 20203.45%-0.5%
October 24, 20183.95%+0.25%
July 11, 20183.70%+0.25%
January 17, 20183.45%+0.25%
September 6, 20173.20%+0.25%
July 12, 20172.95%+0.25%
July 15, 20152.70%-0.25%
January 21, 20152.95%-0.25%
September 8, 20103.20%+0.25%
July 20, 20102.95%+0.25%
June 1, 20102.70%+0.25%
April 21, 20092.45%—

Prime rate = Bank of Canada overnight rate + the industry-standard 2.2% spread, applied to each historical rate change. Overnight rate history: Bank of Canada Valet API, series V39079, fetched 2026-09-03.

Formula: Prime rate = BoC policy rate + 2.20% (this spread holds almost always)

How Rate Decisions Are Made

FactorWhat BoC Watches
CPI InflationTarget: 2% (1-3% control range)
Core inflation (CPI-trim, CPI-median)Strips out volatile items
GDP growthEconomic output and trends
EmploymentUnemployment rate, job creation
Housing marketPrices, sales, construction
Consumer spendingRetail sales, household debt
Global factorsUS Federal Reserve, oil prices, trade
CAD exchange rateImpact on imports/exports

BoC Rate vs US Federal Reserve

DateBoC Policy RateUS Fed Funds RateSpread
March 20252.75%4.25-4.50%-1.50%
December 20243.25%4.25-4.50%-1.00%
June 20244.75%5.25-5.50%-0.50%
July 20235.00%5.25-5.50%-0.25%
March 20220.50%0.25-0.50%+0.25%
March 20200.25%0.00-0.25%+0.25%

Spread is calculated as the BoC policy rate minus the lower bound of the Fed’s target range, using end-of-month rate levels.

If Canada’s rate is much lower than the US rate, it can put downward pressure on the Canadian dollar, making imports more expensive.

What Analysts Expect

These are general market expectations and not investment advice. Actual decisions depend on economic data.

FactorDirection
Inflation trendMoving toward 2% target
Economic growthSlowing but positive
Housing marketSensitive to rate changes
General expectationGradual further easing possible
Neutral rate estimate2.25-3.25%