How long can Canadian snowbirds stay in the US?

Canadian citizens can stay in the US for up to 182 days (approximately 6 months) per 12-month period on a B-2 visitor visa. Exceeding this triggers the Substantial Presence Test and may make you a US tax resident. Most snowbirds stay 4–6 months. You must also maintain your Canadian provincial health insurance by meeting residency requirements (typically 153–183 days in your home province).

Do Canadian snowbirds need to file US taxes?

Generally, no — if you stay under 183 days and have no US-source income (employment, rental property), you do not need to file a US tax return. However, if you meet the Substantial Presence Test (a weighted formula using current and previous 2 years), you may need to file Form 8840 (Closer Connection Statement) to claim treaty benefits and avoid US taxation.

How much does snowbird travel insurance cost?

Snowbird travel insurance costs $1,500–$6,000+ for a 4–6 month stay, depending on age, health, and coverage level. A healthy 65-year-old might pay $1,500–$2,500 for a 5-month policy. A 75-year-old with pre-existing conditions might pay $4,000–$8,000+. Without insurance, a single US hospital visit can cost $10,000–$100,000+.

Canadian Snowbird Guide: Wintering in the US in 2026

Snowbird Residency Rules

Rule	Requirement	Consequence of Non-Compliance
US stay limit	Under 183 days per year	Over 183 days = potential US tax resident
Substantial Presence Test	Weighted formula: current year days + 1/3 previous year + 1/6 year before	May need to file Form 8840
Provincial health insurance	Must be present in province 153–183 days (varies by province)	Lose provincial health coverage
Canadian tax residency	Maintain significant residential ties	CRA may question tax status
US customs declaration	Declare goods over $200 exemption (per 48+ hour trip)	Duty and taxes

Provincial Health Insurance Absence Rules

Province	Maximum Absence	Policy	Notes
Ontario (OHIP)	212 days/year (must be present 153 days)	Continuous coverage	5 of every 12 months in ON
British Columbia (MSP)	6 months/year	Continuous if you return	Must return every 6 months
Alberta (AHCIP)	6 months/year	Continuous	Must be present 183 days
Quebec (RAMQ)	183 days/year outside QC	May lose coverage	Strict enforcement
Manitoba	6 months/year	Continuous	Must return by 6 months
Saskatchewan	6 months/year	Continuous	Must maintain residency
Nova Scotia (MSI)	6 months/year	Continuous	Must be resident
New Brunswick	6 months/year	Continuous	Must be resident

Snowbird Travel Insurance Costs

Age Group	4-Month Policy	5-Month Policy	6-Month Policy	Notes
55–60	$800–$1,500	$1,000–$1,800	$1,200–$2,200	Healthy, no pre-existing
61–65	$1,200–$2,000	$1,500–$2,500	$1,800–$3,000	Rates increase at 65
66–70	$1,500–$3,000	$2,000–$3,800	$2,500–$4,500	Pre-existing conditions add 30–50%
71–75	$2,500–$4,500	$3,000–$5,500	$3,500–$6,500	Medical questionnaire required
76–80	$3,500–$6,000	$4,500–$7,500	$5,500–$9,000+	Limited provider options
80+	$5,000–$10,000+	$6,000–$12,000+	$8,000–$15,000+	May be difficult to insure

Top Snowbird Insurance Providers

Provider	Coverage	Pre-Existing Stability	Emergency Medical	Trip Cancellation
Medipac	Up to $5M	Yes (stable period varies)	Yes	Optional
21st Century	Up to $5M	Yes (90-day stability)	Yes	Optional
Blue Cross	Up to $5M	Yes (90–180 day stability)	Yes	Optional
Manulife	Up to $5M	Yes (90-day stability)	Yes	Yes
TuGo	Up to $10M	Yes (varies)	Yes	Optional
GMS	Up to $5M	Yes (90-day stability)	Yes	Optional

Annual Snowbird Budget

Expense	5-Month Stay (Budget)	5-Month Stay (Comfortable)	5-Month Stay (Luxury)
Accommodation (rent/RV)	$5,000–$8,000	$8,000–$15,000	$15,000–$30,000+
Travel insurance	$1,500–$3,000	$2,000–$4,000	$3,000–$6,000
Food & dining	$3,000–$5,000	$5,000–$8,000	$8,000–$15,000
Transportation (gas, car)	$1,500–$3,000	$2,000–$4,000	$3,000–$6,000
Utilities (if renting)	$500–$1,000	$1,000–$1,500	$1,500–$2,500
Entertainment/activities	$500–$1,500	$1,500–$3,000	$3,000–$8,000
Canadian home maintenance (while away)	$500–$1,500	$1,000–$2,000	$1,500–$3,000
Phone/internet (US plan)	$250–$500	$400–$600	$500–$800
Total for 5 months	$12,750–$23,500	$20,900–$38,100	$35,500–$71,300

Cross-Border Banking for Snowbirds

Need	Best Option	Details
US bank account	RBC Bank (Georgia) or TD Bank (US)	Full US chequing, debit card
No-FX credit card	Scotiabank Passport Visa or HSBC World Elite	No foreign transaction fees
USD cash access	US bank account + US debit card	Avoid ATM/FX fees
Pay US bills	US bank account with bill pay	Rent, utilities, insurance
Transfer CAD → USD	Wise or Norbert’s Gambit	Best exchange rates
Travel insurance payment	Canadian credit card	Covers in CAD

US Tax Obligations for Snowbirds

Situation	Filing Requirement	Form
Under 183 days, no US income	No filing required	None
Over 122 days (Substantial Presence)	File closer connection exemption	Form 8840
US rental property income	Must file US return	Form 1040-NR
US investment income (dividends)	15% withholding under treaty	W-8BEN filed with broker
Social Security income	Taxed only in Canada (treaty)	None
Sold US property	Must file US return	Form 1040-NR

Popular Snowbird Destinations

Destination	Avg Rent (5 mo)	Climate	Canadian Community	Drive from Toronto
Florida (Palm Beach)	$8,000–$20,000	Hot, humid	Very large	22 hours
Florida (Fort Myers)	$6,000–$15,000	Hot, humid	Large	22 hours
Arizona (Phoenix/Mesa)	$5,000–$12,000	Hot, dry	Large	35 hours
Texas (Rio Grande Valley)	$3,000–$8,000	Warm	Growing	30 hours
California (Palm Springs)	$8,000–$20,000	Hot, dry	Moderate	38 hours
Mexico (Puerto Vallarta)	$3,000–$8,000	Tropical	Growing	Fly (4–5 hrs)