What is a CCPC in Canada?

A Canadian-Controlled Private Corporation (CCPC) is a private corporation that is resident in Canada and not controlled by non-residents or public companies. CCPCs get access to the small business deduction (9% federal tax on first $500,000 of active income), the enhanced lifetime capital gains exemption ($1,016,836 in 2025), and refundable tax credits on passive investment income.

Should I pay myself salary or dividends from my corporation?

It depends on your situation. Salary creates RRSP room, is deductible to the corporation, and requires CPP contributions (builds CPP pension). Dividends are taxed at a lower personal rate but create no RRSP room and no CPP contributions. Most tax professionals recommend a mix: enough salary for RRSP room and CPP, with remaining distributions as dividends.

What is the integration principle in Canadian tax?

Integration means that whether you earn income personally or through a corporation, the total tax paid should be roughly the same. Earn $100 personally = ~$40 tax. Earn $100 in a CCPC, pay SBD rate (~$12), then distribute as dividend (~$28 personal tax) = ~$40 total. In practice, integration is imperfect, creating small advantages or disadvantages depending on province and income level.

CCPC Tax Planning Guide for Canadian Business Owners in 2026

CCPC Tax Rates (2026)

Income Type	Federal Rate	Provincial Rate (ON example)	Combined Rate
Active income (first $500K)	9.0%	3.2%	12.2%
Active income (over $500K)	15.0%	11.5%	26.5%
Investment income (passive)	38.67%	~11.5%	~50.2%
Capital gains (50% taxable)	~19.3%	~5.8%	~25.1% (effective)
Canadian dividends received	Tax-free (Part IV refundable)	—	Refundable 38.33%

Salary vs Dividend Decision Matrix

Factor	Salary	Dividend	Winner
RRSP contribution room	Yes (creates room at 18% of earned income)	No	Salary
CPP contributions	Yes (both employer and employee)	No	Depends (salary builds pension)
EI eligibility	Yes (if arm’s length)	No	Salary
Tax deductible to corporation	Yes	No (paid from after-tax income)	Salary
Withholding at source	Yes (payroll deductions)	No (paid on tax return)	Dividend (cash flow)
Simplicity	Requires payroll	Simpler (board resolution)	Dividend
Total tax (low income, <$50K)	Slightly higher	Slightly lower	Dividend
Total tax (mid income, $50K–$100K)	Similar	Similar	Tied
Total tax (high income, >$150K)	Slightly lower	Slightly higher	Salary

Optimal Salary/Dividend Mix (Ontario, 2026)

Total Compensation	Salary Component	Dividend Component	Why This Mix
$50,000	$50,000 salary	$0	Creates RRSP room, builds CPP
$80,000	$60,000 salary	$20,000 eligible dividend	RRSP room on $60K, lower tax on dividends
$120,000	$70,000 salary	$50,000 eligible dividend	$12,600 RRSP room, CPP maxed, dividend tax advantage
$175,000	$75,000 salary	$100,000 eligible dividend	Max CPP, strong RRSP room, avoid high marginal rate
$250,000+	$80,000 salary	Balance as dividend	Retain excess in corporation for tax deferral

Small Business Deduction (SBD) Rules

Rule	Details
SBD limit	$500,000 of active business income
Associated corporations	Must share the $500K limit
Taxable capital grind	SBD reduced when taxable capital exceeds $10M, eliminated at $15M
Passive income grind	SBD reduced $5 for every $1 of passive income (AAII) over $50,000
Passive income elimination	SBD eliminated when passive income reaches $150,000
Clawback impact	$100K passive income → SBD limit drops to $250,000

Passive Income Planning

Passive Income Level	SBD Available	Tax Impact	Strategy
Under $50,000	Full $500,000	No grind	No action needed
$50,001–$100,000	$250,000–$500,000	Partial grind	Monitor, consider personal investments
$100,001–$150,000	$0–$250,000	Significant grind	Shift to TFSA/personal, or accept
Over $150,000	$0	Full grind	Major planning needed

Strategies to Manage Passive Income

Strategy	How It Works	Effectiveness
Capital gains reserve	Spread gain over 5 years	Smooths income spikes
Corporate class funds	Switch between funds without triggering gains	Reduces annual passive income
Permanent life insurance	Cash value grows tax-sheltered inside corporation	Removes passive income from AAII calculation
Inter-corporate dividends	Receive dividends from connected corps (not AAII)	Reduces passive income count
Pay personal dividends	Reduce corporate investment pool	Shifts income to personal
Invest in TFSA/RRSP personally	Use personal registered accounts	No corporate passive income

RDTOH and GRIP Explained

Concept	What It Is	Practical Impact
RDTOH (Refundable Dividend Tax on Hand)	Tax refunded to corporation when taxable dividends are paid out	$30.67 refunded per $100 of eligible/non-eligible dividends paid
Eligible RDTOH	Tracks refundable tax on eligible portfolio dividends	Refunded when eligible dividends paid
Non-eligible RDTOH	Tracks refundable tax on passive income and active income above SBD	Refunded when non-eligible dividends paid
GRIP (General Rate Income Pool)	Tracks income taxed at general corporate rate (not SBD)	Allows eligible dividend designation
LRIP (Low Rate Income Pool)	Tracks SBD income	Non-eligible dividends from LRIP

Year-End Tax Planning Checklist

Action	Timing	Purpose
Review salary vs dividend mix	Before year-end	Optimize RRSP room and overall tax
Bonus accrual (if needed)	Before year-end, pay within 180 days	Deduction in current year, pay next year
Asset purchases (CCA)	Before year-end	Accelerated CCA in first year
Shareholder loan repayment	Within 1 year of year-end	Avoid shareholder loan inclusion
Review passive income level	Before year-end	Manage SBD grind
Declare dividends	Before year-end (or after, plan carefully)	Optimize personal vs corporate cash
IPP/RCA contributions	Before year-end	Tax-sheltered retirement savings beyond RRSP
Charitable donations	Before year-end	Corporate donation credit