Fee Comparison
| Fee Type |
ETFs |
Mutual Funds |
| MER (typical) |
0.03-0.50% |
1.50-2.50% |
| Trading commission |
$0-$10 |
$0 |
| Trailer fees |
β None |
0.25-1.00% |
| Load fees |
β None |
0-5% (some) |
| Account fees |
Varies by broker |
Often waived |
MER Breakdown
What MER Includes
| Component |
ETF |
Mutual Fund |
| Management fee |
0.02-0.40% |
0.75-1.50% |
| Operating expenses |
0.01-0.10% |
0.25-0.50% |
| Trailer fee |
0% |
0.25-1.00% |
| Total MER |
0.03-0.50% |
1.50-2.50% |
Popular ETF MERs
| ETF |
Type |
MER |
| VFV |
S&P 500 |
0.09% |
| VEQT |
All-in-one equity |
0.24% |
| XEQT |
All-in-one equity |
0.20% |
| VGRO |
Balanced (80/20) |
0.24% |
| ZAG |
Canadian bonds |
0.09% |
| XIC |
Canadian equity |
0.06% |
Typical Mutual Fund MERs
| Fund Type |
Average MER |
| Canadian equity |
2.10% |
| US equity |
2.20% |
| Global equity |
2.35% |
| Balanced |
2.00% |
| Bond |
1.40% |
| Money market |
0.65% |
Cost Over Time
$100,000 Investment Over 20 Years
Assuming 7% gross return before fees
| Investment |
MER |
Value After 20 Years |
Fees Paid |
| Index ETF |
0.20% |
$357,000 |
$17,000 |
| Avg mutual fund |
2.00% |
$265,000 |
$109,000 |
| Difference |
1.80% |
$92,000 |
|
Annual Fee Impact
| Portfolio Size |
0.20% MER |
2.00% MER |
Yearly Difference |
| $50,000 |
$100 |
$1,000 |
$900 |
| $100,000 |
$200 |
$2,000 |
$1,800 |
| $250,000 |
$500 |
$5,000 |
$4,500 |
| $500,000 |
$1,000 |
$10,000 |
$9,000 |
| $1,000,000 |
$2,000 |
$20,000 |
$18,000 |
Trading Costs
ETF Trading Costs
| Broker |
Commission |
Best For |
| Wealthsimple Trade |
$0 |
Free trading |
| Questrade |
$0 ETF buys |
Low cost |
| National Bank |
$0 |
Big bank, free |
| TD Direct |
$9.99 |
TD ecosystem |
| RBC Direct |
$9.99 |
RBC ecosystem |
Mutual Fund Trading
| Cost Type |
Amount |
| Front-end load |
0-5% (mostly eliminated) |
| Back-end load |
0-6% (declining) |
| Switch fee |
Often $0 |
| Short-term trading fee |
2% (if sold within 30 days) |
Hidden Costs
ETF Hidden Costs
| Cost |
Impact |
| Bid-ask spread |
0.01-0.20% per trade |
| Tracking error |
Usually minimal |
| Currency conversion |
If buying US ETFs |
Mutual Fund Hidden Costs
| Cost |
Impact |
| Portfolio turnover |
Trading costs inside fund |
| Cash drag |
Cash held for redemptions |
| Soft dollars |
Indirect costs |
| Performance fees |
Some funds charge extra |
F-Class Mutual Funds
What Are F-Class Funds?
| Feature |
Details |
| No trailer fee |
Fee paid separately to advisor |
| Lower MER |
Typically 0.75-1.50% |
| Availability |
Through fee-only advisors |
| Minimum |
Often $100,000+ |
F-Class vs Regular Class
| Fund |
Regular MER |
F-Class MER |
Savings |
| RBC Canadian Dividend |
1.72% |
0.72% |
1.00% |
| TD Canadian Bond |
1.36% |
0.62% |
0.74% |
| Fidelity Balanced |
2.06% |
0.95% |
1.11% |
When Mutual Funds May Work
Scenarios Where Mutual Funds Fit
| Situation |
Why |
| Employer plan |
Only option, get match |
| Financial advisor relationship |
Paying for advice |
| Automatic contributions |
Easy setup |
| Very small amounts |
No trading fees |
| Specific strategy |
Unique fund mandate |
Making Mutual Funds Cheaper
| Strategy |
How |
| Ask for F-class |
Remove trailer |
| Use index mutual funds |
TD e-Series 0.33-0.51% |
| Negotiate fees |
High balances = leverage |
| Use robo-advisor |
0.50-0.70% all-in |
Low-Cost Alternatives
Index Mutual Funds
| Fund |
Type |
MER |
| TD Canadian Index - e |
Canadian equity |
0.33% |
| TD US Index - e |
US equity |
0.35% |
| TD International Index - e |
International |
0.51% |
| TD Canadian Bond Index - e |
Bonds |
0.51% |
Robo-Advisors
| Provider |
All-In Fee |
Includes |
| Wealthsimple Invest |
0.50% |
ETFs + management |
| Questwealth |
0.25% |
ETFs + management |
| CI Direct |
0.35% |
ETFs + management |
| RBC InvestEase |
0.50% |
ETFs + management |
The Math on Advisor Fees
Trailer Fee Breakdown
| Fund MER |
Trailer |
To Advisor |
Per $100K |
| 2.00% |
1.00% |
1.00% |
$1,000/year |
| 2.20% |
1.00% |
1.00% |
$1,000/year |
| 1.75% |
0.50% |
0.50% |
$500/year |
Fee-Only Advisor Alternative
| Model |
Cost |
Transparency |
| Trailer (embedded) |
1% ongoing |
Hidden in MER |
| Fee-only (hourly) |
$150-$300/hour |
Clear |
| Fee-only (flat) |
$1,500-$5,000/year |
Clear |
| Fee-only (AUM) |
0.50-1.00% |
Clear |
Switching to ETFs
Steps to Switch
| Step |
Action |
| 1 |
Calculate current fees |
| 2 |
Open discount brokerage |
| 3 |
Check for DSC/back-end fees |
| 4 |
Transfer in-kind or sell |
| 5 |
Reinvest in ETFs |
Watch for DSC Fees
| Years Held |
Typical DSC |
| Year 1 |
5-6% |
| Year 2 |
5% |
| Year 3 |
4% |
| Year 4 |
3% |
| Year 5 |
2% |
| Year 6 |
1% |
| Year 7+ |
0% |