When do I have to convert my RRSP to a RRIF?

You must collapse your RRSP by December 31 of the year you turn 71. You have three options: convert to a Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF), purchase a life annuity, or withdraw the entire balance as a taxable lump sum. Most Canadians choose the RRIF because it preserves tax-deferred growth while providing flexible, controlled income. Converting earlier than age 71 is allowed — and sometimes advantageous for income-splitting or tax bracket management.

What happens if I do not convert my RRSP by December 31 of the year I turn 71?

If you fail to convert or close your RRSP by the deadline, CRA deregisters the plan and the full RRSP balance is included in your income in that calendar year — creating a massive unexpected tax bill. Your financial institution should send conversion reminders, but the responsibility is yours. Set a calendar reminder for Q3 of the year you turn 71 to initiate the conversion well before the deadline.

Can I convert my RRSP to a RRIF before age 71?

Yes. You can convert to a RRIF at any age. Early conversion can be useful if you have retired early and need income, want to start pension income splitting with a spouse before 71 (RRIF withdrawals qualify as pension income for the $2,000 pension income credit starting at age 65), or want to sequence your withdrawals to stay in lower tax brackets. The trade-off is that once converted, RRIF minimum withdrawals are mandatory each year — you cannot contribute back to a RRIF (unlike an RRSP).

What is the spousal RRSP strategy before conversion?

Contributing to a spousal RRSP before converting can significantly reduce combined household taxes in retirement. The strategy: the higher-income spouse contributes to a spousal RRSP in the lower-income spouse's name. After 3 calendar years, the lower-income spouse withdraws at their lower marginal rate. At conversion time, both spouses can have separate RRIFs with smaller balances, spreading mandatory minimums and reducing income concentration. This is one of the most effective long-term retirement tax-splitting strategies for couples.

Is it better to use the RRIF spousal election for withdrawal calculations?

Yes. When setting up a RRIF, you can elect to base the minimum withdrawal percentage on the younger spouse's age. This reduces the mandatory minimum each year (since younger ages have smaller factors), allowing more funds to remain in the RRIF growing tax-deferred. For example, if you are 71 and your spouse is 66, you can use the 66-year-old factor (3.57%) instead of the 71-year-old factor (5.28%). This election is permanent — made at RRIF setup — so consider it carefully.

Can I hold the same investments in my RRIF as my RRSP?

Yes. RRIF eligible investments are identical to RRSP eligible investments: GICs, bonds, individual stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, REITs, and mortgage-backed securities. You can transfer RRSP investments in-kind to the RRIF without triggering tax — no forced selling. This means an existing RRSP portfolio transfers seamlessly. The RRIF simply becomes the account from which annual mandatory minimum withdrawals are made.

RRSP to RRIF Conversion Guide Canada 2026

Short Answer

You must convert your RRSP to a RRIF (or annuity) by December 31 of the year you turn 71. The RRIF is the most flexible option — it lets you control withdrawals, maintain tax-deferred growth, and use income-splitting strategies with a spouse. Plan the conversion in the year you turn 71 at the latest, ideally earlier if you’ve retired before 71.

RRSP vs RRIF: Key Differences

Feature	RRSP	RRIF
Contributions	Allowed (within room)	Not allowed
Withdrawals	Optional (any amount)	Mandatory minimum each year
Tax on withdrawals	Fully taxable as income	Fully taxable as income
Growth	Tax-deferred	Tax-deferred
Deadline	Must close by Dec 31 of year you turn 71	Can hold until death
Age at which pension income credit applies	Not eligible	Age 65+ (RRIF qualifies for $2,000 pension income credit)

RRIF Minimum Withdrawal Factors (Age-Based)

Age	Minimum withdrawal % of Jan 1 RRIF balance
65	4.00%
66	4.17%
67	4.35%
68	4.55%
69	4.76%
70	5.00%
71	5.28% ← standard first year of conversion
72	5.40%
73	5.53%
74	5.67%
75	5.82%
76	5.98%
77	6.17%
78	6.36%
79	6.58%
80	6.82%
81	7.08%
82	7.38%
83	7.71%
84	8.08%
85	8.51%
86	8.99%
87	9.55%
88	10.21%
89	10.99%
90	11.92%
91	13.06%
92	14.49%
93	16.34%
94+	20.00%

First Year Exception: No Minimum Required

In the year you convert your RRSP to a RRIF, no mandatory withdrawal is required. The first year with a mandatory minimum is the following calendar year. This means if you convert in late December of the year you turn 71, you get a full extra year before your first mandatory withdrawal.

Year	Event	Minimum withdrawal required?
Age 71 (conversion year)	Convert RRSP to RRIF	❌ No — optional
Age 72 (year after conversion)	First full RRIF year	✅ Yes — calculated on Jan 1 balance
Age 73+	Each subsequent year	✅ Yes

Spousal Age Election: Using the Younger Spouse’s Factor

Your age	Your factor	Spouse’s age	Spouse’s factor	Annual savings (on $500,000 RRIF)
71	5.28% = $26,400	65	4.00% = $20,000	$6,400/year stays tax-deferred
71	5.28% = $26,400	67	4.35% = $21,750	$4,650/year stays tax-deferred
74	5.67% = $28,350	70	5.00% = $25,000	$3,350/year stays tax-deferred

The younger spouse election is a permanent, irrevocable election made at RRIF setup. Choose at the time of conversion.

Tax Withholding on RRIF Withdrawals

Withdrawals above the annual minimum are subject to withholding tax. The mandatory minimum itself has no withholding tax applied at source — but is still taxable income.

Amount withdrawn above minimum	Withholding rate (all provinces except Quebec)
$0–$5,000	10%
$5,001–$15,000	20%
Over $15,000	30%

Quebec uses different withholding rates. Withholding is not a final tax — it is a prepayment credited against your annual tax owing. You may receive some back as a refund or owe more depending on your bracket.

Three Conversion Options at Age 71

Option	How it works	Best for
RRIF	RRSP transfers in — withdrawals mandatory — growth continues	Most Canadians — flexibility, control
Life annuity	RRSP purchases annuity from insurer — fixed income for life	Those who prefer guaranteed income with no investment risk
Lump-sum withdrawal	Full RRSP balance included in taxable income	Rarely optimal — huge one-year tax spike

Many Canadians use a combination: convert some to an annuity for guaranteed income floor and hold the rest in a RRIF for flexibility.

Early Conversion Strategy (Before 71)

Reason to convert early	How it helps
Retired at 60 and need income	RRIF withdrawals replace employment income
Want pension income splitting before 71	RRIF income qualifies for the $2,000 pension income credit at age 65+
High RRSP balance — want to level income across decades	Spread mandatory income over more years to reduce bracket spikes
Spouse has little or no income	RRIF income can be split up to 50% with spouse (pension income splitting)

Converting at age 65 instead of 71 allows 6 years of voluntary drawdown before mandatory minimums — at rates and schedules you control.

Bottom Line

Convert your RRSP to a RRIF by December 31 of the year you turn 71 — missing this deadline collapses the entire plan into income in one year. Transfer investments in-kind to avoid forced selling. Elect the younger spouse’s age for minimums if applicable, and consider converting at 65 to start the $2,000 pension income credit and income-splitting advantages earlier.